тут:

Литература - ведение пациентов с приобретенными пороками сердца

Видео: Пять сердечных лет - о кардиохирургах Федерального центра сердечно-сосудистой хирургии Красноярска

Оглавление
Ведение пациентов с приобретенными пороками сердца
Обследование пациента с сердечным шумом
Таблица тяжести клапанной патологии
Профилактика эндокардита и ревматической лихорадки
Аортальный стеноз
Показания к замене аортального клапана
Аортальная баллонная вальвотомия, терапия у неоперабельных пациентов
Аортальная регургитация
Сопутствующие заболевания корня аорты, обследование пациентов после замены клапана, пожилые пациенты
Двустворчатый аортальный клапан с расширенной восходящей аортой
Митральный стеноз
Медикаментозная терапия митрального стеноза
Серийные обследования митрального стеноза
Пролапс митрального клапана
Митральная регургитация
Многочисленные болезни клапанов
Патология трикуспидального клапана
Клапанная болезнь сердца из-за препаратов, лучевая болезнь сердца
Обследование и тактика ведения инфекционного эндокардита
Тактика ведения клапанной болезни во время беременности
Тактика ведения врожденной клапанной болезни сердца у подростков и молодых
Хирургические рассмотрения
Обследование во время операции
Обследование во время операции - последующие контрольные визиты
Обследование и лечение болезни коронарных артерий у пациентов с приобретенными пороками
Литература

Видео: Пластические операции для детей

ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Klocke FJ, Baird MG, Lorell BH, et al. ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging) Circulation 2003- 108:1404-1418.
2. Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, et al. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography) J Am Coll Cardiol 2003-42:954-970.
3. Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina) J Am Coll Cardiol 2003-41:159-168.
4. Smith Jr SC, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld Jr JW, et al. ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) J Am Coll Cardiol 2006-47:e1-e121.
5. Leatham A. Systolic murmurs Circulation 1958-17:601-611.
6. Braunwald E, Perloff JK. Physical examination of the heart and circulationIn: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, editors. Braunwald`s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier- 2005. pp. 77.
7. Shaver JA, Salerni R. Auscultation of the heart The Heart. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill- 1994. pp. 253-314.
8. O`Rourke RA, Braunwald E. Physical examination of the cardiovascular system Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill- 1998. pp. 1231-1237.
9. Shaver JA. Cardiac auscultation: a cost-effective diagnostic skill Curr Probl Cardiol 1995-20:441-530.
10. Karliner JS, O`Rourke RA, Kearney DJ, Shabetai R. Haemodynamic explanation of why the murmur of mitral regurgitation is independent of cycle length Br Heart J 1973-35:397-401.
11. Lembo NJ, Dell`Italia LJ, Crawford MH, O`Rourke RA. Diagnosis of left;sided regurgitant murmurs by transient arterial occlusion: a new maneuver using blood pressure cuffs Ann Intern Med 1986-105:368-370.
12. Grewe K, Crawford MH, O`Rourke RA. Differentiation of cardiac murmurs by dynamic auscultation Curr Probl Cardiol 1988-13:669-721.
13. Lembo NJ, Dell`Italia LJ, Crawford MH, O`Rourke RA. Bedside diagnosis of systolic murmurs N Engl J Med 1988-318:1572-1578.
14. Marriott HJL. Bedside Cardiac DiagnosisPhiladelphia, PA: Lippincott- 1993. pp. 15721578116, 318.
15. Harvey WP. Cardiac pearls Dis Mon 1994-4041 -13.
16. Yoshida K, Yoshikawa J, Shakudo M, et al. Color Doppler evaluation of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects Circulation 1988-78:840-847.
17. Smythe JF, Teixeira OH, Vlad P, Demers PP, Feldman W. Initial evaluation of heart murmurs: are laboratory tests necessary? Pediatrics 1990-86:497-500.
18. Xu M, McHaffie DJ. Nonspecific systolic murmurs: an audit of the clinical value of echocardiography N Z Med J 1993-106:54-56.
19. Sahn DJ, Maciel BC. Physiological valvular regurgitation: Doppler echocardiography and the potential for iatrogenic heart disease Circulation 1988-78:1075-1077.
20. Choong CY, Abascal VM, Weyman J, et al. Prevalence of valvular regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with structurally normal hearts by two-dimensional echocardiography Am Heart J 1989-117:636-642.
21. Klein AL, Burstow DJ, Tajik AJ, et al. Age-related prevalence of valvular regurgitation in normal subjects: a comprehensive color flow examination of 118 volunteers J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1990-3:54-63.
22. Fink JC, Schmid CH, Selker HP. A decision aid for referring patients with systolic murmurs for echocardiography J Gen Intern Med 1994-9:479-484.
23. Abrams J. Essentials of Cardiac Physical DiagnosisPhiladelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger-
1987.
24. O`Rourke RA. Heart murmur Primary Cardiology. WB Saunders Co- 1998.
25. Northcote RJ, Knight PV, Ballantyne D. Systolic murmurs in pregnancy: value of echocardiographic assessment Clin Cardiol 1985-8:327-328.
26. Mishra M, Chambers JB, Jackson G. Murmurs in pregnancy: an audit of echocardiography BMJ 1992-304:1413-1414.
27. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003-16:777-802.
28. Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, et al. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: recommendations by the American Heart Association Circulation 1997-96:358-366.
29. Deleted per 2008 Focused Update.
30. Bansal RC. Infective endocarditis Med Clin North Am 1995-79:1205-1240.
3142. Deleted per 2008 Focused Update.
43. Schwartz B, Facklam RR, Breiman RF. Changing epidemiology of group A streptococcal infection in the USA Lancet 1990-336:1167-1171.
44. Bisno AL. Group A streptococcal infections and acute rheumatic fever N Engl J Med 1991-325:783-793.
45. Dajani A, Taubert K, Ferrieri P, Peter G, Shulman S, Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals Pediatrics 1995-96:758-764.
46. Selzer A. Changing aspects of the natural history of valvular aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 1987-317:91-98.
47. Dare AJ, Veinot JP, Edwards WD, Tazelaar HD, Schaff HV. New observations on the etiology of aortic valve disease: a surgical pathologic study of 236 cases from 1990 Hum Pathol 1993-24:1330-1338.
48. Stephan PJ, Henry III AC, Hebeler Jr RF, Whiddon L, Roberts WC. Comparison of age, gender, number of aortic valve cusps, concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, and magnitude of left ventricular-systemic arterial peak systolic gradient in adults having aortic valve replacement for isolated aortic valve stenosis Am J Cardiol 1997-79:166-172.
49. Roberts WC, Ko JM. Frequency by decades of unicuspid, bicuspid, and tricuspid aortic valves in adults having isolated aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, with or without associated aortic regurgitation Circulation 2005-111:920-925.
50. Olsson M, Dalsgaard CJ, Haegerstrand A, Rosenqvist M, Ryden L, Nilsson J. Accumulation of T lymphocytes and expression of interleukin-2 receptors in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves J Am Coll Cardiol 1994-23:1162-1170.
51. Otto CM, Kuusisto J, Reichenbach DD, Gown AM, O`Brien KD. Characterization of the early lesion of "degenerative" valvular aortic stenosis: histological and immunohistochemical studies Circulation 1994-90:844-853.
52. O`Brien KD, Reichenbach DD, Marcovina SM, Kuusisto J, Alpers CE, Otto CM. Apolipoproteins B, (a), and E accumulate in the morphologically early lesion of "degenerative" valvular aortic stenosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996-16:523-532.
53. Mohler III ER, Chawla MK, Chang AW, et al. Identification and characterization of calcifying valve cells from human and canine aortic valves J Heart Valve Dis 1999-8:254-260.
54. Olsson M, Thyberg J, Nilsson J. Presence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999-19:1218-1222.
55. Ghaisas NK, Foley JB, O`Briain DS, Crean P, Kelleher D, Walsh M. Adhesion molecules in nonrheumatic aortic valve disease: endothelial expression, serum levels and effects of valve replacement J Am Coll Cardiol 2000-36:2257-2262.
56. Mohler III ER, Gannon F, Reynolds C, Zimmerman R, Keane MG, Kaplan FS. Bone formation and inflammation in cardiac valves Circulation 2001-103:1522-1528.
57. Rajamannan NM, Sangiorgi G, Springett M, et al. Experimental hypercholesterolemia induces apoptosis in the aortic valve J Heart Valve Dis 2001-10:371-374.
58. O`Brien KD, Shavelle DM, Caulfield MT, et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme with low-density lipoprotein in aortic valvular lesions and in human plasma Circulation 2002-106:2224-2230.
59. Wallby L, Janerot-Sjoberg B, Steffensen T, Broqvist M. T lymphocyte infiltration in nonrheumatic aortic stenosis: a comparative descriptive study between tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves Heart 2002-88:348-351.
60. Rajamannan NM, Subramaniam M, Rickard D, et al. Human aortic valve calcification is associated with an osteoblast phenotype Circulation 2003-107:2181-2184.
61. Otto CM, Burwash IG, Legget ME, et al. Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis: clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome Circulation 1997-95:2262-2270.
62. Sasayama S, Ross Jr J, Franklin D, Bloor CM, Bishop S, Dilley RB. Adaptations of the left ventricle to chronic pressure overload Circ Res 1976-38:172-178.
63. Gaasch WH. Left ventricular radius to wall thickness ratio Am J Cardiol 1979-43: 11891194.
64. Spann JF, Bove AA, Natarajan G, Kreulen T. Ventricular performance, pump function and compensatory mechanisms in patients with aortic stenosis Circulation 1980-62:576-582.
65. Krayenbuehl HP, Hess OM, Ritter M, Monrad ES, Hoppeler H. Left ventricular systolic function in aortic stenosis Eur Heart J 1988-9(Suppl E):19-23.
66. Ross Jr J. Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: a conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1976-18:255-264.
67. Gunther S, Grossman W. Determinants of ventricular function in pressure-overload hypertrophy in man Circulation 1979-59:679-688.
68. Huber D, Grimm J, Koch R, Krayenbuehl HP. Determinants of ejection performance in aortic stenosis Circulation 1981-64:126-134.
69. Carabello BA, Green LH, Grossman W, Cohn LH, Koster JK, Collins Jr JJ. Hemodynamic determinants of prognosis of aortic valve replacement in critical aortic stenosis and advanced congestive heart failure Circulation 1980-62:42-48.
70. Gaasch WH, Levine HJ, Quinones MA, Alexander JK. Left ventricular compliance: mechanisms and clinical implications Am J Cardiol 1976-38:645-653.
71. Hess OM, Ritter M, Schneider J, Grimm J, Turina M, Krayenbuehl HP. Diastolic stiffness and myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before and after valve replacement Circulation 1984-69:855-865.
72. Murakami T, Hess OM, Gage JE, Grimm J, Krayenbuehl HP. Diastolic filling dynamics in patients with aortic stenosis Circulation 1986-73:1162-1174.
73. Gaasch WH. Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure based on left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction JAMA 1994-271:1276-1280.
74. Stott DK, Marpole DG, Bristow JD, Kloster FE, Griswold HE. The role of left atrial transport in aortic and mitral stenosis Circulation 1970-41:1031-1041.
75. Bache RJ, Vrobel TR, Ring WS, Emery RW, Andersen RW. Regional myocardial blood flow during exercise in dogs with chronic left ventricular hypertrophy Circ Res 1981-48:76-87.
76. Marcus ML, Doty DB, Hiratzka LF, Wright CB, Eastham CL. Decreased coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries N Engl J Med 1982-307:1362-1366.
77. Carabello BA. Clinical practice: aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2002-346:677-682.
78. Koyanagi S, Eastham C, Marcus ML. Effects of chronic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy on the incidence of sudden cardiac death after coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs Circulation 1982-65:1192-1197.
79. Koyanagi S, Eastham CL, Harrison DG, Marcus ML. Increased size of myocardial infarction in dogs with chronic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy Circ Res 1982-50:55-62.
80. Gaasch WH, Zile MR, Hoshino PK, Weinberg EO, Rhodes DR, Apstein CS. Tolerance of the hypertrophic heart to ischemia: studies in compensated and failing dog hearts with pressure overload hypertrophy Circulation 1990-81:1644-1653.
81. Aurigemma G, Battista S, Orsinelli D, Sweeney A, Pape L, Cuenoud H. Abnormal left ventricular intracavitary flow acceleration in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: a marker for high postoperative morbidity and mortality Circulation 1992-86:926-936.
82. Carroll JD, Carroll EP, Feldman T, et al. Sex-associated differences in left ventricular function in aortic stenosis of the elderly Circulation 1992-86:1099-1107.
83. Orsinelli DA, Aurigemma GP, Battista S, Krendel S, Gaasch WH. Left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: a high risk subgroup identified by preoperative relative wall thickness J Am Coll Cardiol 1993-22:1679-1683.
84. Aurigemma GP, Silver KH, McLaughlin M, Mauser J, Gaasch WH. Impact of chamber geometry and gender on left ventricular systolic function in patients >60 years of age with aortic stenosis Am J Cardiol 1994-74:794-798.
85. Faggiano P, Aurigemma GP, Rusconi C, Gaasch WH. Progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults: literature review and clinical implications Am Heart J 1996-132:408-417.
86. Cheitlin MD, Gertz EW, Brundage BH, Carlson CJ, Quash JA, Bode Jr RS. Rate of progression of severity of valvular aortic stenosis in the adult Am Heart J 1979-98:689-700.
87. Wagner S, Selzer A. Patterns of progression of aortic stenosis: a longitudinal hemodynamic study Circulation 1982-65:709-712.
88. Jonasson R, Jonsson B, Nordlander R, Orinius E, Szamosi A. Rate of progression of severity of valvular aortic stenosis Acta Med Scand 1983-213:51-54.
89. Nestico PF, DePace NL, Kimbiris D, et al. Progression of isolated aortic stenosis: analysis of 29 patients having more than 1 cardiac catheterization Am J Cardiol 1983-52:1054-1058.
90. Otto CM, Pearlman AS, Gardner CL. Hemodynamic progression of aortic stenosis in adults assessed by Doppler echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 1989-13:545-550.
91. Roger VL, Tajik AJ, Bailey KR, Oh JK, Taylor CL, Seward JB. Progression of aortic stenosis in adults: new appraisal using Doppler echocardiography Am Heart J 1990-119:331 -338.
92. Davies SW, Gershlick AH, Balcon R. Progression of valvar aortic stenosis: a long-term retrospective study Eur Heart J 1991-12:10-14.
93. Faggiano P, Ghizzoni G, Sorgato A, et al. Rate of progression of valvular aortic stenosis in adults Am J Cardiol 1992-70:229-233.
94. Peter M, Hoffmann A, Parker C, Luscher T, Burckhardt D. Progression of aortic stenosis: role of age and concomitant coronary artery disease Chest 1993-103:1715-1719.
95. Brener SJ, Duffy CI, Thomas JD, Stewart WJ. Progression of aortic stenosis in 394 patients: relation to changes in myocardial and mitral valve dysfunction J Am Coll Cardiol 1995-25:305-310.
96. Rosenhek R, Binder T, Porenta G, et al. Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2000-343:611-617.
97. Vaturi M, Porter A, Adler Y, et al. The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 1999-33:2003-2008.
98. Rosenhek R, Klaar U, Schemper M, et al. Mild and moderate aortic stenosis. Natural history and risk stratification by echocardiography. Eur Heart J 2004-25:199-205.
99. Cosmi JE, Kort S, Tunick PA, et al. The risk of the development of aortic stenosis in patients with "benign" aortic valve thickening Arch Intern Med 2002-162:2345-2347.
100. Stewart BF, Siscovick D, Lind BK, et al. Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease: Cardiovascular Health Study J Am Coll Cardiol 1997-29:630-634.
101. Otto CM, Lind BK, Kitzman DW, Gersh BJ, Siscovick DS. Association of aortic-valve sclerosis with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the elderly N Engl J Med 1999-341:142-
147.
102. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Bella JN, et al. Aortic valve sclerosis relates to cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension (a LIFE substudy) Am J Cardiol 2005-95:132-136.
103. Taylor Jr HA, Clark BL, Garrison RJ, et al. Relation of aortic valve sclerosis to risk of coronary heart disease in African-Americans Am J Cardiol 2005-95:401-404.
104. Vincentelli A, Susen S, Le Tourneau T, et al. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2003-349:343-349. 105. Ross Jr J, Braunwald E. Aortic stenosis Circulation 1968-38:61-67.
106. Schwarz F, Baumann P, Manthey J, et al. The effect of aortic valve replacement on survival Circulation 1982-66:1105-1110.
107. Turina J, Hess O, Sepulcri F, Krayenbuehl HP. Spontaneous course of aortic valve disease Eur Heart J 1987-8:471-483.
108. Horstkotte D, Loogen F. The natural history of aortic valve stenosis Eur Heart J 1988-9(Suppl E):57-64.
109. Kelly TA, Rothbart RM, Cooper CM, Kaiser DL, Smucker ML, Gibson RS. Comparison of outcome of asymptomatic to symptomatic patients older than 20 years of age with valvular aortic stenosis Am J Cardiol 1988-61:123-130.
110. Sprigings DC, Forfar JC. How should we manage symptomatic aortic stenosis in the patient who is 80 or older? Br Heart J 1995-74:481-484.
111. Iivanainen AM, Lindroos M, Tilvis R, Heikkila J, Kupari M. Natural history of aortic valve stenosis of varying severity in the elderly Am J Cardiol 1996-7897-01.
112. Frank S, Johnson A, Ross Jr J. Natural history of valvular aortic stenosis Br Heart J 1973-35:41-46.
113. Chizner MA, Pearle DL, deLeon Jr AC. The natural history of aortic stenosis in adults Am Heart J 1980-99:419-424.
114. Pellikka PA, Nishimura RA, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ. The natural history of adults with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis J Am Coll Cardiol 1990-15:1012-1017.
115. Kennedy KD, Nishimura RA, Holmes Jr DR, Bailey KR. Natural history of moderate aortic stenosis J Am Coll Cardiol 1991-17:313-319.
116. Pellikka PA, Sarano ME, Nishimura RA, et al. Outcome of 622 adults with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis during prolonged follow-up Circulation 2005-111:3290-3295.
117. Amato MC, Moffa PJ, Werner KE, Ramires JA. Treatment decision in asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis: role of exercise testing Heart 2001-86:381-386.
118. Das P, Rimington H, Chambers J. Exercise testing to stratify risk in aortic stenosis Eur Heart J 2005-26:1309-1313.
119. Munt B, Legget ME, Kraft CD, Miyake-Hull CY, Fujioka M, Otto CM. Physical examination in valvular aortic stenosis: correlation with stenosis severity and prediction of clinical outcome Am Heart J 1999-137:298-306.
120. Nylander E, Ekman I, Marklund T, Sinnerstad B, Karlsson E, Wranne B. Severe aortic stenosis in elderly patients Br Heart J 1986-55:480-487.
121. Atwood JE, Kawanishi S, Myers J, Froelicher VF. Exercise testing in patients with aortic stenosis Chest 1988-93:1083-1087.
122. Clyne CA, Arrighi JA, Maron BJ, Dilsizian V, Bonow RO, Cannon III RO. Systemic and left ventricular responses to exercise stress in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis Am J Cardiol 1991-68:1469-1476.
123. Otto CM, Pearlman AS, Kraft CD, Miyake-Hull CY, Burwash IG, Gardner CJ. Physiologic changes with maximal exercise in asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis assessed by Doppler echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 1992-20:1160-1167.
124. Alborino D, Hoffmann JL, Fournet PC, Bloch A. Value of exercise testing to evaluate the indication for surgery in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis J Heart Valve Dis 2002-11:204-209.
125. Takeda S, Rimington H, Chambers J. Prediction of symptom-onset in aortic stenosis: a comparison of pressure drop/flow slope and haemodynamic measures at rest Int J Cardiol 2001-81:131-137.
126. Wilmshurst PT, Stevenson RN, Griffiths H, Lord JR. A case-control investigation of the relation between hyperlipidaemia and calcific aortic valve stenosis Heart 1997-78:475-479.
127. Palta S, Pai AM, Gill KS, Pai RG. New insights into the progression of aortic stenosis: implications for secondary prevention Circulation 2000-101:2497-2502.
128. Ngo MV, Gottdiener JS, Fletcher RD, Fernicola DJ, Gersh BJ. Smoking and obesity are associated with the progression of aortic stenosis Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2001-10:86-90.
129. Chandra HR, Goldstein JA, Choudhary N, et al. Adverse outcome in aortic sclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease and inflammation J Am Coll Cardiol 2004-43:169-175.
130. Rajamannan NM, Otto CM. Targeted therapy to prevent progression of calcific aortic stenosis Circulation 2004-110:1180-1182.
131. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I, Goldman ME. Association of coronary risk factors and use of statins with progression of mild valvular aortic stenosis in older persons Am J Cardiol 2001-88:693-695.
132. Novaro GM, Tiong IY, Pearce GL, Lauer MS, Sprecher DL, Griffin BP. Effect of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors on the progression of calcific aortic stenosis Circulation 2001-104:2205-2209.
133. Shavelle DM, Takasu J, Budoff MJ, Mao S, Zhao XQ, O`Brien KD. HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) and aortic valve calcium Lancet 2002-359:1125-1126.
134. Pohle K, Maffert R, Ropers D, et al. Progression of aortic valve calcification: association with coronary atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors Circulation 2001-104:1927-1932.
135. Bellamy MF, Pellikka PA, Klarich KW, Tajik AJ, Enriquez-Sarano M. Association of cholesterol levels, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase inhibitor treatment, and progression of aortic stenosis in the community J Am Coll Cardiol 2002-40:1723-1730. 136. Rosenhek R, Rader F, Loho N, et al. Statins but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay progression of aortic stenosis Circulation 2004-110:1291-1295.
137. Cowell SJ, Newby DE, Prescott RJ, et al. A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2005-352:2389-2397.
138. Bonow RO, Cheitlin M, Crawford M, Douglas PS. 36th Bethesda Conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalties. Task Force 3: Valvular Heart Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005-14:1334-1340.
139. Gorlin R, Gorlin SG. Hydraulic formula for calculation of the area of the stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts Am Heart J 1951-41:1-29.
140. Burwash IG, Hay KM, Chan KL. Hemodynamic stability of valve area, valve resistance, and stroke work loss in aortic stenosis: a comparative analysis J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002-15:814-822.
141. Bache RJ, Wang Y, Jorgensen CR. Hemodynamic effects of exercise in isolated valvular aortic stenosis Circulation 1971-44:1003-1013.
142. deFilippi CR, Willett DL, Brickner ME, et al. Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients Am J Cardiol 1995-75:191-194.
143. Bermejo J, Garcia-Fernandez MA, Torrecilla EG, et al. Effects of dobutamine on Doppler echocardiographic indexes of aortic stenosis J Am Coll Cardiol 1996-28:1206-1213.
144. Lin SS, Roger VL, Pascoe R, Seward JB, Pellikka PA. Dobutamine stress Doppler hemodynamics in patients with aortic stenosis: feasibility, safety, and surgical correlations Am Heart J 1998-136:1010-1016.
145. Monin JL, Monchi M, Gest V, Duval-Moulin AM, Dubois-Rande JL, Gueret P. Aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction and low transvalvular pressure gradients: risk stratification by low-dose dobutamine echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 2001-37:2101-2107.
146. Schwammenthal E, Vered Z, Moshkowitz Y, et al. Dobutamine echocardiography in patients with aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction: predicting outcome as a function of management strategy Chest 2001-119:1766-1777.
147. Nishimura RA, Grantham JA, Connolly HM, Schaff HV, Higano ST, Holmes Jr DR. Low-output, low-gradient aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular systolic function: the clinical utility of the dobutamine challenge in the catheterization laboratory Circulation 2002-106:809 813.
148. Monin JL, Quere JP, Monchi M, et al. Low-gradient aortic stenosis: operative risk stratification and predictors for long-term outcome: a multicenter study using dobutamine stress hemodynamics Circulation 2003-108:319-324.
149. Otto CM. Valvular aortic stenosis: disease severity and timing of intervention J Am Coll Cardiol 2006-47:2141-2151.
150. Smith N, McAnulty JH, Rahimtoola SH. Severe aortic stenosis with impaired left ventricular function and clinical heart failure: results of valve replacement Circulation 1978-58:255-264.
151. Murphy ES, Lawson RM, Starr A, Rahimtoola SH. Severe aortic stenosis in patients 60 years of age or older: left ventricular function and 10-year survival after valve replacement Circulation 1981-64:II184-II188.
152. Lund O. Preoperative risk evaluation and stratification of long-term survival after valve replacement for aortic stenosis: reasons for earlier operative intervention Circulation 1990-82:124-
139.
153. Kouchoukos NT, Davila-Roman VG, Spray TL, Murphy SF, Perrillo JB. Replacement of the aortic root with a pulmonary autograft in children and young adults with aortic-valve disease N Engl J Med 1994-330:1-6.
154. Connolly HM, Oh JK, Orszulak TA, et al. Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe left ventricular dysfunction: prognostic indicators Circulation 1997-95:2395-2400.
155. Kvidal P, Bergstrom R, Horte LG, Stahle E. Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement J Am Coll Cardiol 2000-35:747-756.
156. Brogan III WC, Grayburn PA, Lange RA, Hillis LD. Prognosis after valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis and a low transvalvular pressure gradient J Am Coll Cardiol 1993-21:1657-1660.
157. Connolly HM, Oh JK, Schaff HV, et al. Severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradient and severe left ventricular dysfunction: result of aortic valve replacement in 52 patients Circulation 2000-101:1940-1946.
158. Pereira JJ, Lauer MS, Bashir M, et al. Survival after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis with low transvalvular gradients and severe left ventricular dysfunction J Am Coll Cardiol 2002-39:1356-1363.
159. Nashef SA, Roques F, Michel P, Gauducheau E, Lemeshow S, Salamon R. European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999-16:9-13.
160. Nashef SA, Roques F, Hammill BG, et al. Validation of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) in North American cardiac surgery Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002-22:101-105.
161. Shroyer AL, Coombs LP, Peterson ED, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons: 30-day operative mortality and morbidity risk models Ann Thorac Surg 2003-75:1856-1864.
162. Ambler G, Omar RZ, Royston P, Kinsman R, Keogh BE, Taylor KM. Generic, simple risk stratification model for heart valve surgery Circulation 2005-112:224-231.
163. Carabello BA. Timing of valve replacement in aortic stenosis: moving closer to perfection Circulation 1997-95:2241-2243.
164. Edwards FH, Peterson ED, Coombs LP, et al. Prediction of operative mortality after valve replacement surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 2001-37:885-892.
165. Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Surgery Database https://sts.ors/documents/pdf/STS-ExecutiveSummaryFall2005.pdf 2001Acessed November 2005.
166. Birkmeyer JD, Siewers AE, Finlayson EV, et al. Hospital volume and surgical mortality in the United States N Engl J Med 2002-346:1128-1137.
167. Goodney PP, O`Connor GT, Wennberg DE, Birkmeyer JD. Do hospitals with low mortality rates in coronary artery bypass also perform well in valve replacement? Ann Thorac Surg 2003-76:1131-1136.
168. Banbury MK, Cosgrove III DM, White JA, Blackstone EH, Frater RW, Okies JE. Age and valve size effect on the long-term durability of the Carpentier-Edwards aortic pericardial bioprosthesis Ann Thorac Surg 2001-72:753-757.
169. Byrne JG, Karavas AN, Mihaljevic T, Rawn JD, Aranki SF, Cohn LH. Role of the cryopreserved homograft in isolated elective aortic valve replacement Am J Cardiol 2003-91:616-
619.
170. Yacoub M, Rasmi NR, Sundt TM, et al. Fourteen-year experience with homovital homografts for aortic valve replacement J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995-110:186-193.
171. O`Brien MF, Stafford EG, Gardner MA, et al. Allograft aortic valve replacement: longterm follow-up Ann Thorac Surg 1995-60:S65-S70.
172. Vongpatanasin W, Hillis LD, Lange RA. Prosthetic heart valves N Engl J Med 1996-335:407-416.
173. Banbury MK, Cosgrove III DM, Lytle BW, Smedira NG, Sabik JF, Saunders CR. Longterm results of the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial aortic valve: a 12-year follow-up Ann Thorac Surg 1998-66:S73-S76.
174. Hammermeister K, Sethi GK, Henderson WG, Grover FL, Oprian C, Rahimtoola SH. Outcomes 15 years after valve replacement with a mechanical versus a bioprosthetic valve: final report of the Veterans Affairs randomized trial J Am Coll Cardiol 2000-36:1152-1158.
175. Akins CW. Mechanical cardiac valvular prostheses Ann Thorac Surg 1991-52:161-172.
176. Kvidal P, Bergstrom R, Malm T, Stahle E. Long-term follow-up of morbidity and mortality after aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve prosthesis Eur Heart J 2000-21:1099-1111.
177. Emery RW, Erickson CA, Arom KV, et al. Replacement of the aortic valve in patients under 50 years of age: long-term follow-up of the St. Jude Medical prosthesis Ann Thorac Surg 2003-75:1815-1819.
178. Murday AJ, Hochstitzky A, Mansfield J, et al. A prospective controlled trial of St. Jude versus Starr Edwards aortic and mitral valve prostheses Ann Thorac Surg 2003-76:66-73.
179. Lund O, Larsen KE. Cardiac pathology after isolated valve replacement for aortic stenosis in relation to preoperative patient status: early and late autopsy findings Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989-23:263-270.
180. Bergler-Klein J, Klaar U, Heger M, et al. Natriuretic peptides predict symptom-free survival and postoperative outcome in severe aortic stenosis Circulation 2004-109:2302-2308.
181. Moreira FC, Manfroi WC, Werutsky G, Bittencourt JA. Management of mild aortic stenosis in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery Arq Bras Cardiol 2001-77:494-499.
182. Filsoufi F, Aklog L, Adams DH, Byrne JG. Management of mild to moderate aortic stenosis at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting J Heart Valve Dis 2002-11(Suppl 1):S45-S49.
183. Smith WT, Ferguson Jr TB, Ryan T, Landolfo CK, Peterson ED. Should coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis undergo concomitant aortic
valve replacement?. A decision analysis approach to the surgical dilemma. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004-44:1241-1247.
184. Pereira JJ, Balaban K, Lauer MS, Lytle B, Thomas JD, Garcia MJ. Aortic valve replacement in patients with mild or moderate aortic stenosis and coronary bypass surgery Am J Med 2005-118:735-742.
185. Gillinov AM, Garcia MJ. When is concomitant aortic valve replacement indicated in patients with mild to moderate stenosis undergoing coronary revascularization? Curr Cardiol Rep 2005-7:101-104.
186. Eslami M, Rahimtoola SH. Prophylactic aortic valve replacement in older patients for mild aortic stenosis during coronary bypass surgery Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2003-12:197-200.
187. Karagounis A, Valencia O, Chandrasekaran V, Smith J, Brecker S, Jahangiri M. Management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with mild to moderate aortic stenosis J Heart Valve Dis 2004-13:369-373.
188. Lababidi Z, Wu JR, Walls JT. Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty: results in 23 patients Am J Cardiol 1984-53:194-197.
189. Cribier A, Savin T, Saoudi N, Rocha P, Berland J, Letac B. Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of acquired aortic stenosis in elderly patients: an alternative to valve replacement? Lancet 1986-1:63-67.
190. Safian RD, Berman AD, Diver DJ, et al. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in 170 consecutive patients N Engl J Med 1988-319:125-130.
191. McKay RG, Safian RD, Lock JE, et al. Balloon dilatation of calcific aortic stenosis in elderly patients: postmortem, intraoperative, and percutaneous valvuloplasty studies Circulation 1986-74:119-125.
192. Safian RD, Mandell VS, Thurer RE, et al. Postmortem and intraoperative balloon valvuloplasty of calcific aortic stenosis in elderly patients: mechanisms of successful dilation J Am Coll Cardiol 1987-9:655-660.
193. Isner JM, Samuels DA, Slovenkai GA, et al. Mechanism of aortic balloon valvuloplasty: fracture of valvular calcific deposits Ann Intern Med 1988-108:377-380.
194. Letac B, Cribier A, Koning R, Bellefleur JP. Results of percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in 218 adults with valvular aortic stenosis Am J Cardiol 1988-62:598-605.
195. Block PC, Palacios IF. Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in the elderly Am J Cardiol 1988-62:760-763.
196. Sherman W, Hershman R, Lazzam C, Cohen M, Ambrose J, Gorlin R. Balloon valvuloplasty in adult aortic stenosis: determinants of clinical outcome Ann Intern Med 1989-110:421-425.
197. Brady ST, Davis CA, Kussmaul WG, Laskey WK, Hirshfeld Jr JW, Herrmann HC. Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty in octogenarians: morbidity and mortality Ann Intern Med 1989-110:761-766.
198. Hayes SN, Holmes Jr DR, Nishimura RA, Reeder GS. Palliative percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty before noncardiac operations and invasive diagnostic procedures Mayo Clin Proc 1989-64:753-757.
199. Fields CD, Rosenfield K, Lasordo DW, Isner JM. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty: current status Curr Opinion Cardiol 1989-4:229-242.
200. Ferguson III JJ, Riuli EP, Massumi A, et al. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty: the Texas Heart Institute experience Tex Heart Inst J 1990-17:23 -30.
201. Berland J, Cribier A, Savin T, Lefebvre E, Koning R, Letac B. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in patients with severe aortic stenosis and low ejection fraction: immediate results and 1-year follow-up Circulation 1989-79:1189-1196.
202. Davidson CJ, Harrison JK, Leithe ME, Kisslo KB, Bashore TM. Failure of balloon aortic valvuloplasty to result in sustained clinical improvement in patients with depressed left ventricular function Am J Cardiol 1990-65:72-77.
203. Otto CM, Mickel MC, Kennedy JW, et al. Three-year outcome after balloon aortic valvuloplasty: insights into prognosis of valvular aortic stenosis Circulation 1994-89:642-650.
204. Lieberman EB, Bashore TM, Hermiller JB, et al. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in adults: failure of procedure to improve long-term survival J Am Coll Cardiol 1995-26:1522-1528.
205. Block PC. Aortic valvuloplasty—a valid alternative? N Engl J Med 1988-319:169-171.
206. Nishimura RA, Holmes Jr DR, Reeder GS. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty Mayo Clin Proc 1990-65:198-220.
207. Rahimtoola SH. Catheter balloon valvuloplasty for severe calcific aortic stenosis: a limited role J Am Coll Cardiol 1994-23:1076-1078.
208. O`Keefe Jr JH, Shub C, Rettke SR. Risk of noncardiac surgical procedures in patients with aortic stenosis Mayo Clin Proc 1989-64:400-405.
209. Torsher LC, Shub C, Rettke SR, Brown DL. Risk of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery Am J Cardiol 1998-81:448-452.
210. Raymer K, Yang H. Patients with aortic stenosis: cardiac complications in non-cardiac surgery Can J Anaesth 1998-45:855-859.
211. Brighouse D. Anaesthesia for caesarean section in patients with aortic stenosis: the case for regional anaesthesia Anaesthesia 1998-53:107-109.
212. Christ M, Sharkova Y, Geldner G, Maisch B. Preoperative and perioperative care for patients with suspected or established aortic stenosis facing noncardiac surgery Chest 2005-128:2944-2953.
213. Khot UN, Novaro GM, Popovic ZB, et al. Nitroprusside in critically ill patients with left ventricular dysfunction and aortic stenosis N Engl J Med 2003-348:1756-1763.
214. Bloomfield P, Wheatley DJ, Prescott RJ, Miller HC. Twelve-year comparison of a Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses N Engl J Med 1991-324:573 -579.
215. Tsai TP, Denton TA, Chaux A, et al. Results of coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic or mitral valve operation in patients > or = 90 years of age Am J Cardiol 1994-74:960-962.
216. Logeais Y, Langanay T, Roussin R, et al. Surgery for aortic stenosis in elderly patients: a study of surgical risk and predictive factors Circulation 1994-90:2891-2898.
217. Bouma BJ, van den Brink RB, van der Meulen JH, et al. To operate or not on elderly patients with aortic stenosis: the decision and its consequences Heart 1999-82:143 -148.
218. Abdul-Hamid AR, Mulley GP. Why do so few older people with aortic stenosis have valve replacement surgery? Age Ageing 1999-28:261-264.
219. Iung B, Cachier A, Baron G, et al. Decision-making in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis: why are so many denied surgery? Eur Heart J 2005-26:2714-2720.
220. Cigarroa JE, Isselbacher EM, DeSanctis RW, Eagle KA. Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of suspected aortic dissection: old standards and new directions N Engl J Med 1993-328:35-43.
221. Nienaber CA, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V, et al. The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures N Engl J Med 1993-328:1-9.
222. Smith MD, Cassidy JM, Souther S, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the aorta N Engl J Med 1995-332:356-362.
223. Rahimtoola SH. Recognition and management of acute aortic regurgitation Heart Dis Stroke 1993-2:217-221.
224. Kern MJ, Serota H, Callicoat P, et al. Use of coronary arteriography in the preoperative management of patients undergoing urgent repair of the thoracic aorta Am Heart J 1990- 119:143 -
148.
225. Israel DH, Sharma SK, Ambrose JA, Ergin MA, Griepp RR. Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography in ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1994-32:232-237.
226. Rizzo RJ, Aranki SF, Aklog L, et al. Rapid noninvasive diagnosis and surgical repair of acute ascending aortic dissection: improved survival with less angiography J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994-108:567-574.
227. Penn MS, Smedira N, Lytle B, Brener SJ. Does coronary angiography before emergency aortic surgery affect in-hospital mortality? J Am Coll Cardiol 2000-35:889-894.
228. Grossman W, Jones D, McLaurin LP. Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle J Clin Invest 1975-56:56-64.
229. Ross Jr J, McCullagh WH. Nature of enhanced performance of the dilated left ventricle in the dog during chronic volume overloading Circ Res 1972-30549-6.
230. Wisenbaugh T, Spann JF, Carabello BA. Differences in myocardial performance and load between patients with similar amounts of chronic aortic versus chronic mitral regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1984-3:916-923.
231. Carabello BA. Aortic regurgitation: a lesion with similarities to both aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation Circulation 1990-82:1051-1053.
232. Ricci DR. Afterload mismatch and preload reserve in chronic aortic regurgitation Circulation 1982-66:826-834.
233. Ross Jr J. Afterload mismatch in aortic and mitral valve disease: implications for surgical therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 1985-5:811-826.
234. Nitenberg A, Foult JM, Antony I, Blanchet F, Rahali M. Coronary flow and resistance reserve in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries J Am Coll Cardiol 1988-11:478-486.
235. Gaasch WH, Andrias CW, Levine HJ. Chronic aortic regurgitation: the effect of aortic valve replacement on left ventricular volume, mass and function Circulation 1978-58:825-836.
236. Schwarz F, Flameng W, Langebartels F, Sesto M, Walter P, Schlepper M. Impaired left ventricular function in chronic aortic valve disease: survival and function after replacement by Bjork-Shiley prosthesis Circulation 1979-60:48-58.
237. Borer JS, Rosing DR, Kent KM, et al. Left ventricular function at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation Am J Cardiol 1979-44:1297-1305.
238. Clark DG, McAnulty JH, Rahimtoola SH. Valve replacement in aortic insufficiency with left ventricular dysfunction Circulation 1980-61:411-421.
239. Toussaint C, Cribier A, Cazor JL, Soyer R, Letac B. Hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation of aortic regurgitation 8 and 27 months after aortic valve replacement Circulation 1981-64:456-463.
240. Carroll JD, Gaasch WH, Zile MR, Levine HJ. Serial changes in left ventricular function after correction of chronic aortic regurgitation: dependence on early changes in preload and subsequent regression of hypertrophy Am J Cardiol 1983-51:476-482.
241. Bonow RO, Rosing DR, Maron BJ, et al. Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation: influence of duration of preoperative left ventricular dysfunction Circulation 1984-70:570-579.
242. Fioretti P, Roelandt J, Sclavo M, et al. Postoperative regression of left ventricular dimensions in aortic insufficiency: a long-term echocardiographic study J Am Coll Cardiol 1985-5:856-861.
243. Carabello BA, Usher BW, Hendrix GH, Assey ME, Crawford FA, Leman RB. Predictors of outcome for aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction: a change in the measuring stick J Am Coll Cardiol 1987-10:991-997.
244. Taniguchi K, Nakano S, Hirose H, et al. Preoperative left ventricular function: minimal requirement for successful late results of valve replacement for aortic regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1987-10:510-518.
245. Bonow RO, Dodd JT, Maron BJ, et al. Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation Circulation 1988-78:1108-1120.
246. Borer JS, Herrold EM, Hochreiter C, et al. Natural history of left ventricular performance at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation Circulation 1991- 84: III133 -III139.
247. Cohn PF, Gorlin R, Cohn LH, Collins Jr JJ. Left ventricular ejection fraction as a prognostic guide in surgical treatment of coronary and valvular heart disease Am J Cardiol 1974-34136-1.
248. Copeland JG, Griepp RB, Stinson EB, Shumway NE. Long-term follow-up after isolated aortic valve replacement J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1977-74:875-889.
249. Herreman F, Ameur A, de Vernejoul F, et al. Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic and cineangiocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation Am Heart J 1979-98:63-72.
250. Cunha CL, Giuliani ER, Fuster V, Seward JB, Brandenburg RO, McGoon DC. Preoperative M-mode echocardiography as a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980-79256-5.
251. Forman R, Firth BG, Barnard MS. Prognostic significance of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and valve lesion in patients with aortic valve replacement Am J Cardiol 1980-45:1120-1125.
252. Greves J, Rahimtoola SH, McAnulty JH, et al. Preoperative criteria predictive of late survival following valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation Am Heart J 1981-101:300-308.
253. Gaasch WH, Carroll JD, Levine HJ, Criscitiello MG. Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio J Am Coll Cardiol 1983-1:775-782.
254. Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al. Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function Circulation 1985-72:1244-1256.
255. Carabello BA, Williams H, Gash AK, et al. Hemodynamic predictors of outcome in patients undergoing valve replacement Circulation 1986-74:1309-1316.
256. Michel PL, Iung B, Abou JS, et al. The effect of left ventricular systolic function on long term survival in mitral and aortic regurgitation J Heart Valve Dis 1995-4(Suppl 2):S160-S168.
257. Henry WL, Bonow RO, Borer JS, et al. Observations on the optimum time for operative intervention for aortic regurgitation, I: evaluation of the results of aortic valve replacement in symptomatic patients Circulation 1980-61:471-483.
258. Kumpuris AG, Quinones MA, Waggoner AD, Kanon DJ, Nelson JG, Miller RR. Importance of preoperative hypertrophy, wall stress and end-systolic dimension as echocardiographic predictors of normalization of left ventricular dilatation after valve replacement in chronic aortic insufficiency Am J Cardiol 1982-49:1091-1100.
259. Fioretti P, Roelandt J, Bos RJ, et al. Echocardiography in chronic aortic insufficiency: is valve replacement too late when left ventricular end-systolic dimension reaches 55 mm? Circulation 1983-67:216-221.
260. Stone PH, Clark RD, Goldschlager N, Selzer A, Cohn K. Determinants of prognosis of patients with aortic regurgitation who undergo aortic valve replacement J Am Coll Cardiol 1984-3:1118-1126.
261. Daniel WG, Hood Jr WP, Siart A, et al. Chronic aortic regurgitation: reassessment of the prognostic value of preoperative left ventricular end-systolic dimension and fractional shortening Circulation 1985-71:669-680.
262. Cormier B, Vahanian A, Luxereau P, Kassab R, Acar J. Should asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic aortic regurgitation be operated on? Z Kardiol 1986-75(Suppl 2): 141 -145.
263. Sheiban I, Trevi GP, Casarotto D, et al. Aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic incompetence: preoperative parameters influencing long-term results Z Kardiol 1986-75(Suppl 2):146-154.
264. Klodas E, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, Mullany CJ, Bailey KR, Seward JB. Aortic regurgitation complicated by extreme left ventricular dilation: long-term outcome after surgical correction J Am Coll Cardiol 1996-27:670-677.
265. Klodas E, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, Mullany CJ, Bailey KR, Seward JB. Optimizing timing of surgical correction in patients with severe aortic regurgitation: role of symptoms J Am Coll Cardiol 1997-30:746-752.
266. Turina J, Milincic J, Seifert B, Turina M. Valve replacement in chronic aortic regurgitation: true predictors of survival after extended follow-up Circulation 1998-98:II100-II106.
267. Tornos P, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Evangelista A, Gomez Z, Soler-Soler J. Long-term outcome of surgically treated aortic regurgitation: influence of guideline adherence toward early surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 2006-47:1012-1017.
268. Bonow RO, Rosing DR, McIntosh CL, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function Circulation 1983-68:509-517.
269. Scognamiglio R, Fasoli G, Dalla VS. Progression of myocardial dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic insufficiency Clin Cardiol 1986-9:151-156.
270. Siemienczuk D, Greenberg B, Morris C, et al. Chronic aortic insufficiency: factors associated with progression to aortic valve replacement Ann Intern Med 1989-110:587-592.
271. Bonow RO, Lakatos E, Maron BJ, Epstein SE. Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function Circulation 1991-84:1625-1635.
272. Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, Nistri S, Dalla VS. Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function N Engl J Med 1994-331:689-694.
273. Tornos MP, Olona M, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al. Clinical outcome of severe asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation: a long-term prospective follow-up study Am Heart J 1995-130:333-339.
274. Ishii K, Hirota Y, Suwa M, Kita Y, Onaka H, Kawamura K. Natural history and left ventricular response in chronic aortic regurgitation Am J Cardiol 1996-78:357-361.
275. Borer JS, Hochreiter C, Herrold EM, et al. Prediction of indications for valve replacement among asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance Circulation 1998-97:525-534.
276. Tarasoutchi F, Grinberg M, Spina GS, et al. Ten-year clinical laboratory follow-up after application of a symptom-based therapeutic strategy to patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation of predominant rheumatic etiology J Am Coll Cardiol 2003-41:1316-1324.
277. Evangelista A, Tornos P, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation N Engl J Med 2005-353:1342-1349.
278. Greenberg B, Massie B, Bristow JD, et al. Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic aortic insufficiency: a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial Circulation 1988-78:92-103.
279. Shen WF, Roubin GS, Choong CY, et al. Evaluation of relationship between myocardial contractile state and left ventricular function in patients with aortic regurgitation Circulation 1985-71:31-38.
280. Kawanishi DT, McKay CR, Chandraratna PA, et al. Cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise in patients with chronic symptomatic mild-to-moderate and severe aortic regurgitation Circulation 1986-73:62-72.
281. Henry WL, Bonow RO, Rosing DR, Epstein SE. Observations on the optimum time for operative intervention for aortic regurgitation, II: serial echocardiographic evaluation of asymptomatic patients Circulation 1980-61:484-492.
282. McDonald IG, Jelinek VM. Serial M-mode echocardiography in severe chronic aortic regurgitation Circulation 1980-62:1291-1296.
283. Bonow RO. Radionuclide angiography in the management of asymptomatic aortic regurgitation Circulation 1991-84:I296-I302.
284. Hegglin R, Scheu H, Rothlin M. Aortic insufficiency Circulation 1968-38:77-92.
285. Spagnuolo M, Kloth H, Taranta A, Doyle E, Pasternack B. Natural history of rheumatic aortic regurgitation: criteria predictive of death, congestive heart failure, and angina in young patients Circulation 1971-44:368-380.
286. Rapaport E. Natural history of aortic and mitral valve disease Am J Cardiol 1975-35:221-227.
287. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I, Nanna M. Prognosis of patients with heart failure and unoperated severe aortic valvular regurgitation and relation to ejection fraction Am J Cardiol 1994-74:286-288.
288. Dujardin KS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Schaff HV, Bailey KR, Seward JB, Tajik AJ. Mortality and morbidity of aortic regurgitation in clinical practice: a long-term follow-up study Circulation 1999-99:1851-1857.
289. Parker E, Craige E, Hood Jr WP. The Austin Flint murmur and the a wave of the apexcardiogram in aortic regurgitation Circulation 1971-43:349-359.
290. Fortuin NJ, Craige E. On the mechanism of the Austin Flint murmur Circulation 1972-45558-0.
291. Harvey WP, Corrado MA, Perloff JK. "right;sided" murmurs of aortic insufficiency (diastolic murmurs better heard to the right of the sternum rather than to the left) Am J Med Sci 1963-245:533-543.
292. Teague SM, Heinsimer JA, Anderson JL, et al. Quantification of aortic regurgitation utilizing continuous wave Doppler ultrasound J Am Coll Cardiol 1986-8:592-599.
293. Labovitz AJ, Ferrara RP, Kern MJ, Bryg RJ, Mrosek DG, Williams GA. Quantitative evaluation of aortic insufficiency by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 1986-8:1341-1347.
294. Xie GY, Berk MR, Smith, MD, DeMaria AN. A simplified method for determining regurgitant fraction by Doppler echocardiography in patients with aortic regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1994-24:1041-1045.
295. Borer JS, Bacharach SL, Green MV, et al. Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation: assessment with radionuclide cineangiography Am J Cardiol 1978-42:351-357.
296. Lewis SM, Riba AL, Berger HJ, et al. Radionuclide angiographic exercise left ventricular performance in chronic aortic regurgitation: relationship to resting echographic ventricular dimensions and systolic wall stress index Am Heart J 1982-103:498-504.
297. Huxley RL, Gaffney FA, Corbett JR, et al. Early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in chronic aortic regurgitation as assessed by contrast angiography, echocardiography, and rest and exercise scintigraphy Am J Cardiol 1983-51:1542-1550.
298. Iskandrian AS, Hakki AH, Manno B, Amenta A, Kane SA. Left ventricular function in chronic aortic regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1983-1:1374-1380.
299. Gerson MC, Engel PJ, Mantil JC, Bucher PD, Hertzberg VS, Adolph RJ. Effects of dynamic and isometric exercise on the radionuclide-determined regurgitant fraction in aortic insufficiency J Am Coll Cardiol 1984-3:98-106.
300. Goldman ME, Packer M, Horowitz SF, et al. Relation between exercise-induced changes in ejection fraction and systolic loading conditions at rest in aortic regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1984-3:924-929.
301. Greenberg B, Massie B, Thomas D, et al. Association between the exercise ejection fraction response and systolic wall stress in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency Circulation 1985-71:458-465.
302. Massie BM, Kramer BL, Loge D, et al. Ejection fraction response to supine exercise in asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: relation to simultaneous hemodynamic measurements J Am Coll Cardiol 1985-5:847-855.
303. Wilson RA, Greenberg BH, Massie BM, et al. Left ventricular response to submaximal and maximal exercise in asymptomatic aortic regurgitation Am J Cardiol 1988-62:606-610.
304. Bolen JL, Alderman EL. Hemodynamic consequences of afterload reduction in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation Circulation 1976-53:879-883.
305. Miller RR, Vismara LA, DeMaria AN, Salel AF, Mason DT. Afterload reduction therapy with nitroprusside in severe aortic regurgitation: improved cardiac performance and reduced regurgitant volume Am J Cardiol 1976-38:564-567.
306. Greenberg BH, DeMots H, Murphy E, Rahimtoola S. Beneficial effects of hydralazine on rest and exercise hemodynamics in patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency Circulation 1980-62:49-55.
307. Greenberg BH, DeMots H, Murphy E, Rahimtoola SH. Mechanism for improved cardiac performance with arteriolar dilators in aortic insufficiency Circulation 1981-63:263-268.
308. Fioretti P, Benussi B, Scardi S, Klugmann S, Brower RW, Camerini F. Afterload reduction with nifedipine in aortic insufficiency Am J Cardiol 1982-49:1728-1732.
309. Shen WF, Roubin GS, Hirasawa K, et al. Noninvasive assessment of acute effects of nifedipine on rest and exercise hemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with aortic regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1984-4:902-907.
310. Scognamiglio R, Fasoli G, Visintin L, Dalla-Volta S. Effects of unloading and positive inotropic interventions on left ventricular function in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency Clin Cardiol 1987-10:804-810.
311. Rothlisberger C, Sareli P, Wisenbaugh T. Comparison of single-dose nifedipine and captopril for chronic severe aortic regurgitation Am J Cardiol 1993-72:799-804.
312. Levine HJ, Gaasch WH. Vasoactive drugs in chronic regurgitant lesions of the mitral and aortic valves J Am Coll Cardiol 1996-28:1083-1091.
313. Sondergaard L, Aldershvile J, Hildebrandt P, Kelbaek H, Stahlberg F, Thomsen C. Vasodilatation with felodipine in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation Am Heart J 2000-139:667-674.
314. Scognamiglio R, Fasoli G, Ponchia A, Dalla-Volta S. Long-term nifedipine unloading therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation J Am Coll Cardiol 1990-16:424-429.
315. Wisenbaugh T, Sinovich V, Dullabh A, Sareli P. Six month pilot study of captopril for mildly symptomatic, severe isolated mitral and isolated aortic regurgitation J Heart Valve Dis 1994-3:197-204.
316. Lin M, Chiang HT, Lin SL, et al. Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 1994-24:1046-1053.
317. Schon HR, Dorn R, Barthel P, Schomig A. Effects of 12 months quinapril therapy in asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation J Heart Valve Dis 1994-3:500-509.
318. Keller AM, Peshock RM, Malloy CR, et al. In vivo measurement of myocardial mass using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging J Am Coll Cardiol 1986-8:113-117.
319. Van Rossum AC, Visser FC, Sprenger M, Van Eenige MJ, Valk J, Roos JP. Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging for determination of left ventricular ejection fraction and comparison with angiography Am J Cardiol 1988-62:628-633.
320. Buser PT, Auffermann W, Holt WW, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of global left ventricular function with use of cine nuclear magnetic resonance J Am Coll Cardiol 1989-13:1294-1300.
321. Cranney GB, Lotan CS, Dean L, Baxley W, Bouchard A, Pohost GM. Left ventricular volume measurement using cardiac axis nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: validation by calibrated ventricular angiography Circulation 1990-82:154-163.
322. Benjelloun H, Cranney GB, Kirk KA, Blackwell GG, Lotan CS, Pohost GM. Interstudy reproducibility of biplane cine nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of left ventricular function Am J Cardiol 1991-67:1413-1420.
323. Sechtem U, Pflugfelder PW, Cassidy MM, et al. Mitral or aortic regurgitation: quantification of regurgitant volumes with cine MR imaging Radiology 1988-167:425-430.
324. Dulce MC, Mostbeck GH, O`Sullivan M, Cheitlin M, Caputo GR, Higgins CB. Severity of aortic regurgitation: interstudy reproducibility of measurements with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging Radiology 1992-185:235-240.
325. Fujita N, Chazouilleres AF, Hartiala JJ, et al. Quantification of mitral regurgitation by velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging J Am Coll Cardiol 1994-23:951-958.
326. Walker PG, Oyre S, Pedersen EM, Houlind K, Guenet FS, Yoganathan AP. A new control volume method for calculating valvular regurgitation Circulation 1995-92:579-586.
327. Hundley WG, Li HF, Willard JE, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation: comparison with invasive techniques Circulation 1995-92:1151-1158.
328. Bonow RO, Nikas D, Elefteriades JA. Valve replacement for regurgitant lesions of the aortic or mitral valve in advanced left ventricular dysfunction Cardiol Clin 1995-13:73-83

Поделись в соц.сетях:

Внимание, только СЕГОДНЯ!

Похожее